The Productivity of Apophony in Japanese: An Experimental Approach

This is an article I found about the frequency of apophony (母音交替) in nonce compound words as read by 616 students of Yamagata University. The nonce compounds with an >50% apophony rate were ｢船旗｣, ｢上所｣, ｢船猫｣, ｢雨風呂｣, and ｢稲蝉｣. ｢上所｣ and ｢雨風呂｣ were the nonce compounds with an >50% redundancy rate, i.e. that the students read them with both apophony and rendaku.